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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAR-SCY |
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SAXIFRAGACEAE , in. botany, a small natural order of Dicotyledons belonging to the sub-class Polypetalae and containing 27 genera with about 350 species distributed through the Arctic and north temperate zone, often alpine. It is repre- sented in Britain by its largest genus Saxifrage (q.v.), Chrysosplenium (golden saxifrage) and Parnassia (grass of Parnassus
flowers
bisexual, regular and hypogynous, y' perigynous or more frequently more (~' or less epigynous, this variation in ():.: ~; the relative position of the ovary occurring in one and the same genus Saxifraga (fig. 1). The flowers
i.e. those of the outer whorl of two two carpels. e and a pistil monous, of are opposite to the petals, and two carpels (see fig. 2). The carpels are sometimes free, more generally united at the base, or sometimes completely joined to form a one- or two-chambered ovary with two free styles. The fruit is a many-seeded capsule. More than half the species (20o) are contained in the genus Saxifrage (q.v.). Chrysosplenium, with 39 species, two of which are British, three valves, by means of which 2 3 a s 6 7 8 the compass is rendered chromatic, and which act as in other valve instruments
instrument when depressed, respectively r tone, a semitone and 12 tones; and further, when used in combination, 2 tones, 21 tones and 3 tones . The Flugelhorns, the euphonium, the bornbardon and the tubas are sometimes erroneously classed as saxhorns. The difference between saxhorns and bombardons or tubas consists in the calibre of the bore, which in the latter is sufficiently wide in proportion to the length to produce the fundamental note of the harmonic series an octave below the lowest note of the saxhorns. The consequence of this structural difference is important, for whereas the tube of the tubas is theoretically of the same length as an open organ pipe of the same pitch, the saxhorns require a tube twice that length to produce the same scale. For instance, a euphonium sounding 8 ft. C only needs a tube 8 ft. long, whereas the corresponding bass
instruments
practical
bass
(K. S.) has a very similar distribution. The North American genus Heuchera has sometimes apetalous flowers. Astilbe has 6 species in temperate Asia
spring as a pot-plant, and often misnamed Spiraea.The order is frequently much extended to include other groups of genera differing in habit and more or less in general conformation from those to which the order is here confined, and which are then regarded as forming one of several tribes. Among these is the order Ribesiaceae, comprising one single genus Ribes, to which belong the gooseberry (R. Grossularia) and currants of gardens. These are shrubs with racemes of flowers which have only one whorl of stamens (isostemonous), an inferior unilocular ovary with two parietal placentas, and fruit a berry
Escallonia, which represents a small group of genera with leathery gland-dotted leaves, is also often included. End of Article: SAXIFRAGACEAE If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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