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Encyclopedia Britannica



SAUGOR, or SAGAR

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 235 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAR-SCY
SAUGOR, or SAGAR , a town and
district
  of British India, in the Jubbulpore division of the Central Provinces. The town, in a picturesque situation on a spur of the Vindhyan hills, 1758 ft. above sea-level, has a station on the Indian Mid-land railway. Pop. (1901) 42,330. It has long ceased to be a growing place, though it it still third in importance in the province. It was founded in 166o, but owes its importance to having been made the
capital
  of the Mahratta
governor
  who established himself here in 1735. The cantonments contain a battery of artillery, a detachment of a European regiment, a native cavalry and a native infantry regiment. The town is handsomely built, and is an emporium of trade.
The
DISTRICT
  OF SAUGOR has an area of 3962 sq. m. It is an extensive, elevated and in parts tolerably level plain, broken in places by low hills of the Vindhyan sandstone. It is traversed by numerous streams,
chief
  of which are the Sunar, Beas, Dhasan and Bina, all flowing in a northerly direction towards the valley of the Ganges. In the southern and central parts the soil is black, formed by decaying trap; to the north and
east
  it is a reddish-brown alluvium. Iron ore of excellent quality is found and worked at Hirapur, a small
village
  in the extreme north-
east
 . The district contains several densely wooded tracts, the largest of which is the Ramna teak forest preserve in the north.
The population in 1901 was 469,479, showing a decrease of 20% in the decade, due to the results of
famine
 . The principal crops are wheat, millet,
pulse
 , oil-seeds and a little
cotton
 . The main line of the Indian Midland railway crosses the district, with a branch from Bina to Katni on the East Indian system.
By a treaty concluded with the Mahratta Peshwa in 1818, the greater part of the present district was made over to the British ; and the town 'became the
capital
  of the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, then attached to the North-western Provinces. During the Mutiny of 1857 the whole district was in the possession of the rebels, excepting the town and fort, in which the Europeans were shut up for eight months, till relieved by Sir Hugh Rose. The rebels were totally defeated and order was again restored by March 1858.
See the Saugor District Gazetteer (Allahabad, 1907).


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