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Encyclopedia Britannica



SARMATAE, or SAUROMATAE (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeksand the Romans)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 220 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAR-SCY
SARMATAE, or SAUROMATAE (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeksand the Romans) , a people whom Herodotus (iv. 21. 117) puts on the eastern boundary of
Scythia
  (q.v.) beyond the Tanais (Don). He says expressly that they were not pure Scythians, but, being descended from
young
  Scythian men and Amazons, spoke an impure dialect and allowed their women to take part in war and to enjoy much freedom. Later writers
call
  some of them the " woman-ruled
Sarmatae
 ." Hippocrates (De Aere, &c., 24) classes them as Scythian. From this we may infer that they spoke a language cognate with the Scythic. The greater part of the barbarian names occurring in the
inscriptions
  of Olbia, Tanais and Panticapaeum are supposed to be Sarmatian, and as they have been well explained from the Iranian language now spoken by the Ossetes of the Caucasus, these are supposed to be the representatives of the
Sarmatae
  and can be shown to have a direct connexion with the Alani (q.v.), one of their tribes. By the 3rd century B.C. the Sarmatae appear to have supplanted the Scyths proper in the plains of south Russia, where they remained dominant until the
Gothic
  and Hunnish invasions. Their
chief
  divisions were the Rhoxolani (q.v.), the Iazyges (q.v.), with whom the Romans had to deal on the Danube and Theiss; and the Alani. The term Sarmatia is applied by later writers to as much as was known of what is now Russia, including all that which the older authorities
call
 
Scythia
 , the latter name being transferred to regions farther
east
 .
Ptolemy
  gives maps of European and Asiatic Sarmatia. (E. H. M.)


End of Article: SARMATAE, or SAUROMATAE (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeksand the Romans)


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