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Encyclopedia Britannica

SANDEMAN, SIR ROBERT GROVES (1835-1892)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 138 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAC-SAR

SANDEMAN, SIR ROBERT GROVES (1835-1892) , Indian officer and

administrator

ADMINISTRATOR

, was the son of General Robert Turnbull Sandeman, and was born on the 25th of February 1835. He was educated at

Perth

PERTH
PERTH, EARLS AND DUKES OF

and St Andrews University, and joined the 33rd Bengal Infantry in 1856. When that regiment was disarmed at Phillour by General Nicholson during the Mutiny in 1857, he took part in the final capture of Lucknow as adjutant of the 1th Bengal Lancers. After the suppression of the Mutiny he was appointed to the Punjab Commission by Sir John Lawrence. In 1866 he was appointed

district

DISTRICT

officer of Dera Ghazi Khan, and there first showed his capacity in dealing with the Baluch tribes. He was the first to break through the close-border system of Lord Lawrence, by extending British influence to the independent tribes beyond the border. In his hands this policy worked admirably, owing to his tact in managing the tribesmen and his genius for

control

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

. In 1876 he negotiated the treaty with the khan of KaIat, which subsequently governed the relations between Kalat and the Indian government; and in 1877 he was made agent to the

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

-general in

Baluchistan

BALUCHISTAN

, an office which he held till his death. During the second Afghan War in 1878 his influence over the tribesmen was of the utmost importance, since it enabled him to keep intact the line of communications with Kandahar, and to

control

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

the tribes after the British disaster at Maiwand. For these services he was made K.C.S.I. in 1879. In 1889 he occupied the

Zhob

ZHOB

valley, a strategic advantage which opened the Gomal Pass through the Waziri country to caravan traffic. Sandeman's system was not so well suited to the Pathan as to his Baluch neighbour. But in

Baluchistan

BALUCHISTAN

he was a

pioneer

PIONEER

, a pacificator and a successful

administrator

ADMINISTRATOR

, who converted that country from a state of complete anarchy into a province as orderly as any in British India. He died at

Bela

BELA
BELA, LAS BELA

, the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of Las

Bela

BELA
BELA, LAS BELA

state, on the 29th of January 1892, and there he lies buried under a handsome tomb.
See T. H. Thornton, Sir Robert Sandeman (1895); and R. I. Bruce, The Forward Policy (1900).

End of Article: SANDEMAN, SIR ROBERT GROVES (1835-1892)

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