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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAC-SAR |
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SAMARIA , an ancient city of Palestine. The name Samaria is derived through the Gr. Zaia6peia from the Hebrew 0-0,, " an outlook hill," or rather from the Aramaic form 170, whence. also comes the Assyrian form Samirina. According to r Kings xvi. 24, Omri, king of Israel , bought Samaria from acertain Shemer (whose name is said to be the origin of that of the city), and transferred thither his capital from Tirzah. But the city, as a superficial inspection of the site shows, must have existed as a settlement long before Omri, as potsherds of earlier date lie scattered on the surface. The city was occupied by Ahab, who here built a temple to " Baal " (r Kings xvi. 32) and a palace of ivory (r Kings xxii. 39). It sustained frequent sieges during the troubled history of the Israelite kingdom. Ben-Hadad II. of Syria assaulted it in the reign of Ahab, but was repulsed and obliged to allow the Israelite traders to establish a quarter in Damascus, as his predecessor Ben-Hadad I. had done in Samaria (f Kings xx. 34). Ben-Hadad II. in the time of Jehoahaz again besieged Samaria, and caused a famine in the city; but some panic led them to raise the siege (2 Kings vi., vii.). The history of the city for the following 120 years is that of Israel ( see JEws).In 727 died Tiglath-Pileser, to whom the small kingdoms of W. Asia had been in vassalage; in the case of Israel at least since Menahem (2 Kings xv. 19). He was succeeded by Shalmaneser IV., and the king of Israel, with the rest, attempted to revolt. Shalmaneser accordingly invaded Syria, and in 724 began a three-years' siege of Samaria (2 Kings xvii. 5). He died before it was completed, but it was finished by Sargon, who reduced the city, deported its inhabitants, and established within it a mixed multitude of settlers (who were the ancestors of the modern Samaritans). These people themselves seem. to have joined a revolt against the Assyrians, which was soon quelled. The next event we hear of in the history of the city is its conquest by Alexander the Great (331 B.C.), and later by Ptolemy
glory
Augustus
village
The site of Samaria is an enormous mound of accumulation , one of the largest in Palestine. In some places it is estimated the debris is at least 4o ft. deep. The crusaders' church remains almost intact, and numerous fragments of carved stone are built into the village
wall
Mount
i Accentuated on the second syllable. Guide- and travel-books generally spell the name Sebastiyeh, which is not a correct rendering of the local pronunciation.109 End of Article: SAMARIA If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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