SALMERON Y ALFONSO, NICOLAS (1838-1908)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 82 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SALMERON Y ALFONSO, NICOLAS (1838-1908) , Spanish statesman, was born at Alhama la Seca in the province of Almeria, on the loth of April 1838. He was educated at Granada and became assistant professor of literature and philosophy at Madrid. The last years of the reign of Isabella II. were times of growing discontent with her bad government and with the monarchy. Salmeron joined the small party who advocated the

establishment

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement,
late
- LATE
Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

of a republic. He was director of the Opposition

paper

PAPER
PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

La Discusion, and co-operated with Don Emilio Castelar on La Democracia. In 1865 he was named one of the members of the directing committee of the Republican party. In 1867 he was imprisoned with other suspects. When the revolution of September 1868 broke out, he was at Almeria recovering from a serious illness. Salmeron was elected to the

Cortes

CORTES
CORTES, HERNAN

in 1871, and though he did not belong to the Socialist party, defended its right to toleration. When Don Amadeo of Savoy resigned the Spanish crown on the 11th of February 1873 Salmeron was naturally marked out to be a leader of the party which endeavoured to establish a republic in Spain. After serving as minister of justice in the Figueras cabinet, he was chosen president of the

Cortes

CORTES
CORTES, HERNAN

, and then, on the 18th of July 1873, president of the republic, in succession to Pi Margall. He became president at a time when the Federalist party had thrown all the

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

of Spain into anarchy. Salmeron was compelled to use the troops to restore order. When, however, he found that the generals insisted on executing rebels taken in arms, he resigned on the ground that he was opposed to

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

punishment (7th September). He resumed his seat as president of the Cortes on the 8th of September. His successor, Castelar, was compelled to restore order by drastic means. Salmeron took part in the attack made on him in the Cortes on the 3rd of January 1874, which provoked the generals into closing the
chamber and establishing a provisional military government. Salmeron went into

exile

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap,
consul
- CONSUL
- CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)
, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

and remained abroad till 1881, when he was recalled by Sagasta. In 1886 he was elected to the Cortes as Progressive deputy for Madrid, and unsuccessfully endeavoured to combine the jarring republican factions into a party of

practical

PRACTICAL

moderate views. On the 18th of April 1907 he was shot at, but not wounded, in the streets of

Barcelona

BARCELONA

by a member of the more extreme Republican party. He died at Pau on the 21st of September 1908.

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