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Encyclopedia Britannica



SAINFOIN

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 1010 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAC-SAR
SAINFOIN (Onobry-
chis saliva) in botany
is a low-growing per-
ennial plant with a
woody rootstock,
whence proceed the
stems, which are
covered with fine hairs
and
bear
  numerous
long
  pinnate leaves, the
segments of which are
elliptic. The
flowers
 
are borne in close pyra-
midal or cylindrical
clusters on the end
of
long
  stalks. Each
Sainfoin (Onobrychis saliva). i, Fruit, flower is about half an
nat. size. inch in length with
lanceolate calyx-teeth shorter than the corolla, which latter is papilionaceous,
pink
 , with darker stripes of the same colour.
The indehiscent pods or legumes are flattened from side to side, wrinkled, somewhat sickle-shaped and crested, and contain a single olive-brown seed shaped like a small bean. In
Great
  Britain the plant is a native of the calcareous districts of the southern counties, but elsewhere it is considered as an escape from cultivation. It is native throughout the whole of Central ,Europe and
Siberia
 ; but it does not seem to have been cultivated in
Great
  Britain till 1651, when it was introduced from France or French
Flanders
 , its French name being retained. Alphonse de Candolle (Origin of Cultivated Plants, p. 104) considers that the cultivation of sainfoin originated in the
south
  of France as
late
  perhaps as the 15th century. It is grown as a forage plant, being especially well adapted for dry limestone soils. It has about the same nutritive value as lucerne, and is esteemed for milch cattle and for sheep in winter. Besides the common form, a second known as giant sainfoin is met with in cultivation, being more rapid in its growth.


End of Article: SAINFOIN


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