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Encyclopedia Britannica



SAFFLOWER (ultimately from the Arabic safra, yellow)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 999 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAC-SAR
SAFFLOWER (ultimately from the Arabic safra, yellow) or BASTARD SAFFRON (Carthamus tinctorius), a plant of the natural order
compositae
 ; its
flowers
  form the basis of the
safflower
  dye of commerce. The plant is a native of the
East
  Indies, but is cultivated in
Egypt
  and to some extent in southern Europe. To obtain the dyeing principlecarthamin, C14H14Orthe
flowers
  are first washed to free them from a soluble yellow colouring matter they contain; they are then dried and powdered, and digested in an alkaline solution in which pieces of clean white
cotton
  are immersed. The alkaline solution having been neutralized with weak acetic acid, the
cotton
  is removed and washed in another alkaline solution. When this second solution is neutralized with acid, carthamin in a pure
condition
  is precipitated as a dark red powder. It forms a brilliant but fugitive scarlet dye for silk, but is principally used for preparing toilet
rouge
 .


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