SABINE, SIR EDWARD (1788-1883)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 965 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RON-SAC

SABINE, SIR EDWARD (1788-1883) , English astronomer and geodesist, was born in Dublin on the 14th of October 1788, a scion of a family said to be of Italian origin. He was educated at the Royal Military

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

, Woolwich, and obtained a commission in the royal artillery at the age of fifteen, attaining the rank of major-general in 1859. His only experience of warfare seems to have been at the siege of Fort Erie (Canada) in 1814. In early life he devoted himself to astronomy and physical geography, and in consequence he was appointed astronomer to `various expeditions, among others that of Sir J. Ross (1818) in search of the North-West Passage, and that of Sir E. Parry soon afterwards. Later, he spent long periods on the inter-tropical coasts of Africa and America, and again among the snows of Spitzbergen. He was associated with

Henry

Williams Chisholm and others as a member of the Royal Commission of
18681869 for standardizing weights and

measures

MEASURES

. Sabine was for ten years (18611871) president of the Royal Society, and was made K.C.B. in 1869. He died at

East

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

Sheen, Surrey, on the 26th of May 1883.
Of Sabine's scientific

work

WORK

two branches in particular deserve very high credithis determination of the length of the second's pendulum, and his extensive researches connected with terrestrial magnetism. The

establishment

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement,
late
- LATE
Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

of a system of magnetic observatories in various parts of British territory all over the globe was accomplished mainly on his representations; and a

great

GREAT

part of his life was devoted to their direction, and, to the reduction and discussion of the observations. While the

majority

MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

of his researches

bear

on one or other of the. subjects just mentioned, others deal with such widely different topics as the birds of Green-land, ocean temperatures, the Gulf Stream, barometric measurement of heights, arcs of meridian, glacier transport of rocks, the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands, and various points of meteorology.

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