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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RON-SAC |
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RYE . This cereal, known botanically as Secale cereale, is supposed to be the cultivated form of S. montanum, a wild perennial species occurring in the more elevated districts of parts of the Mediterranean region, and W. to Central Asia
Its cultivation does not appear to have been practised at a very early date, relatively speaking. Alphonse de Can- dolle, who has col- lected the evidence on this point, draws attention to the fact that no traces of this cereal have hitherto been found in Egyptian monu- ments, or in the earlier Swiss dwell- ings, though seeds have been found in association with weapons of the Bronze period at Olmutz. The ab- sence of any special
name for it in the Semitic, Chinese and Sanskrit languages is also adduced as an indication of its comparatively re- cent culture. On the other hand, the general occurrence of the name in the more modern lan- Rye (Secale cereale), about s nat. size. g u ages of N. t, single spikelet; 2, single flower with awned plume and palea; 3, pistil; 4, grain . Europe, under I, 2, 4, about two-thirds nat. size. various modifica-tions, points to the cultivation of the plant then, as now, in those regions. The origin of the Latin name secale, which exists in a modified form among the Basques and Bretons, is not explained. Rye is a tall-growing annual grass, with fibrous roots, flat, narrow, ribbon-like bluish-green leaves, and erect or decurved cylindrical slender spikes like those of barley. The spikelets contain two or three flowers
long bristly awn. Within these are three stamens surrounding a compressed ovary, with two feathery stigmas. When ripe, the grain is of an elongated oval
In the S. of Great
spring use, after the crop of roots, turnips, &c.; is exhausted, and before the clover and lucerne are ready. For forage purposes it is best to cut early, before the leaves and haulms have been exhausted of their supplies to benefit thegrain. In the N. of Europe, and more especially in Scandinavia, Russia and parts of N. Germany, rye is the principal
paper . The bran is used for cattle-food and poultices, and the grain in the distillery.End of Article: RYE If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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