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Encyclopedia Britannica



RUM

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 825 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RON-SAC
RUM , or Routs (Arab. ar-Rum), a very indefinite
term
  in use among Mahommedans at different
dates
  for Europeans generally and for the Byzantine empire in particular; at one time even for the Seljuk empire in
Asia
 
Minor
 , and now for Greeks inhabiting Ottoman territory. When the Arabs met the Byzantine Greeks, these called themselves 'Pw,aloe, or Romans, a reminiscence of the Roman conquest and of the
founding
  of the new Rome at Byzantium. The Arabs, therefore, called them " the Rum " as a race-name (already in Kor. xxx. 1), their territory " the land of the Rum," and the Mediterranean " the Sea of the Rum." The
original
  ancient Greeks they called " Varian " (Ionians), the ancient Romans, " Rum " and some-times " Latiniyun " (Latins). Later, inasmuch as Muslim contact with the Byzantine Greeks was in
Asia
 
Minor
 , the
term
  Rum became fixed there geographically and remained even after the conquest by the Seljuk Turks, so that their territory was called the land of the Seljuks of Rum. But as the Mediterranean was " the Sea of the Rum," so all peoples on its N.
coast
  were called sweepingly, " the Rum." In Spain any Christian slave-girl who had embraced
Islam
  was named Rumiya, and we find the
crew
  of a Genoese vessel being called Romans by a Muslim traveller. The crusades introduced the Franks (Ifranja), and later Arabic writers recognize them and their civilization on the N. shore of the Mediterranean W. from Rome; so Ibn Khaldun in the latter part of the 14th century. But Rumi is still used in Morocco for a Christian or European in general, instead of the now elsewhere commoner Ifranji. (D. B. MA.)


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