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Encyclopedia Britannica



ROZAS, JUAN MARTINEZ DE (1759-1813)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 795 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RON-SAC
ROZAS, JUAN MARTINEZ DE (1759-1813) , the earliest
leader
  in the Chilean struggle for independence, was born at
Mendoza
  in 1759. In early life he was a professor of law, and of theology and philosophy at Santiago. He held the post of acting
governor
  of Concepcion at one time, and was also colonel in a militia
regiment
 . In 1808 he became secretary to the last Spanish
governor
 , Francisco Antonio Carrasco, and used his position to prepare the nationalist
movement
  that began in 1809. After resigning his position as secretary, Rozas was mainly responsible for the resignation of the Spanish governor, and the formation of a national Junta on the 18th of September 181o, of which he was the real
leader
 . Under his influence many reforms were initiated, freedom of
trade
  was established, an army was organized and a national congress was called together in July 1811. But at the end of that year divisions began to arise between Rozas' followers from Concepcion and the men of Santiago; and a
feud
  broke out between Rozas and Jose Miguel Carrera (q.v.) who had secured
control
  of Santiago. In 1812 Carrera succeeded in securing the banishment of his rival, who retired to
Mendoza
 , where he died on the 3rd of
March
  1813.
See P. B. Figueroa, Diccionario biogrdfaco de Chile, 15501887 (Santiago, 1888), and J. B. Suarez, Rasgos biogrdficos de hombres notables de Chile (Valparaiso, 1886); both giving biographical sketches of prominent characters in Chilean history.


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