ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 791 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RON-SAC

ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790) , a famous British surveyor, military draughtsman, antiquary, &c. In 1746, when an assistant in the office of Colonel Watson, deputy quartermaster-general in North Britain, he began the survey of the mainland of

Scotland

, the results of which were embodied in what is known as the " duke of Cumberland's map." In 1755 he obtained his commission in the 4th King's Own Foot, and in 1759 gained his lieutenancy and went to serve in Germany in the Seven Years' War. In 1765 he appears as deputy quartermaster-general to the forces, surveyor-general of coasts and engineer-director of military surveys in

Great

GREAT

Britain; in 1767 he became F.R.S., in 1781 major-general, in 1783 director of Royal Engineers. Besides his campaigns and observations in Germany, his visits to Ireland (1766) and to Gibraltar (1768) were important. In 178384 he conducted observations for determining the relative positions of the French and English royal observatories. His measurement of a base-line for that purpose on

Hounslow

HOUNSLOW

Heath in 1784, the germ of all subsequent surveys of the United Kingdom, gained him in 1785 the
1 This school was founded, primarily through the influence of the Rev. John Eliot, by inhabitants of Roxbury. In 1672

Thomas

Bell, one of the

original

ORIGINAL

founders, bequeathed to the school all his Roxbury lands. In 1789 the school was incorporated.
Copley medal of the Royal Society. Roy's measurements (not fully utilized till 1787, when the Paris and Greenwich observatories were properly connected) form the basis of the topographical survey of

Middlesex

MIDDLESEX
MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST
EARL
- EARL
OF (1575-1645)

, Surrey, Kent and Sussex. He was

finishing

FINISHING

an account of this

work

WORK

for the Phil. Trans. when he died on the 1st of July 1790.
Roy's principal book-publication is the Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain (1793). See also notices of him and contributions from him in the records of the War Office and the Royal Engineers, in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vols. lxvii., lxxv., lxxvii., Ixxx., lxxxv., and in the

Gentleman

GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its
original
- ORIGINAL
and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

's Magazine, vols. lv., lx. He is whimsically denounced by Jonathan Oldbuck of Monkbarns in Scott's Antiquary.

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