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Encyclopedia Britannica



ROUSSEAU, JACQUES (1633-1693)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 774 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RON-SAC
ROUSSEAU, JACQUES (1633-1693) , French painter, a member of a Huguenot family, was born at Paris in 163o. He was remarkable as a painter of decorative landscapes and classic ruins, somewhat in the style of Canaletto, but without his delicacy of
touch
 ; he appears also to have been influenced by Nicolas Poussin. While
young
  Rousseau went to Rome, where he spent some years in
painting
  the ancient ruins, together with the surrounding landscapes. He thus formed his style, which was artificial and conventionally decorative. His colouring for the most part is unpleasing, partly owing to his violent treatment of skies with crude blues and orange, and his chiaroscuro usually is much exaggerated. On his return to Paris he soon became distinguished as a painter, and was employed by Louis XIV. to decorate the walls of his palaces at St Germain and Marly. He was soon admitted a member of the French
Academy
  of the Fine Arts, but on the revocation of the edict of Nantes he was obliged to take
refuge
  in Holland, and his name was struck off the
Academy
  roll. From Holland he was invited to England by the duke of Montague, who employed him, together with other French painters, to paint the walls of his palace, Montague
House
  (on the site of which is now the British Museum). Rousseau was also employed to paint architectural subjects and landscapes in the palace of Hampton Court, where many of his decorative panels still exist. He spent the latter part of his life in London, where he died in 1693.
Besides being a painter in oil and fresco Rousseau was an etcher of some ability; many etchings by his hand from the works of the Caracci and from his own designs still exist; they are vigorous, though coarse in execution.


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