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Encyclopedia Britannica



ROSCELLINUS (RUCELINrus, or ROUSSELIN) (c. 1050c. 1122)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 725 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RON-SAC
ROSCELLINUS (RUCELINrus, or ROUSSELIN) (c. 1050c. 1122) , often called the founder of Nominalism (see
SCHOLASTICISM
 ), was born at Compiegne (Compendium). Little is known of his life, and our knowledge of his doctrines is mainly derived from Anselm, Abelard and John of
Salisbury
 . He studied at Soissons and Reims, was afterwards attached to the
cathedral
  of Chartres, and became canon of Compiegne. It seems most probable that
Roscellinus
  was not strictly the first to promulgate nominalistic doctrines; but in his exposition they received more definite expression, and, being applied to the dogma of the Trinity, attracted universal attention.
Roscellinus
  maintained that itis merely a habit of speech which prevents our speaking of the three persons as three substances or three Gods. If it were otherwise, and the three persons were really one substance or thing (una res), we should be forced to admit that the Father and the Holy Spirit became incarnate along with the Son. Roscellinus seems to have put forward this
doctrine
  in perfect good faith, and to have claimed for it at first the authority of
Lanfranc
  and Anselm. In 1092, however, a council convoked by the archbishop of Reims condemned his interpretation, and Roscellinus, who was in danger of being stoned to death by the orthodox populace, recanted his error. He fled to England, but having made himself unpopular by an attack on the doctrines of Anselm, he left the country and repaired to Rome, where he was well received and became reconciled to the Church. He then returned to France, taught at Tours and Loc-menach (Loches) in Brittany (where he had Abelard as a pupil), and finally became canon of Besancon. He is heard of as
late
  as 1121, when he came forward to oppose Abelard's views on the Trinity.
Of the writings of Roscellinus, nothing is preserved except a
letter
  to Abelard, mainly concerned with the
doctrine
  of the Trinity (ed. J. A. Schmeller,
Munich
 , 185o). See F. Picaret, Rosselin, philosophe et theologien (1896), and authorities quoted under


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