RICHTER, EUGEN (18391906)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 312 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RHY-RON

RICHTER, EUGEN (18391906) , German politician, was born on the 3oth of July 1839 at Dusseldorf. After attending the universities of Bonn, Heidelberg and Berlin, he entered thegovernment service, being stationed in his native town. In 1864 he was chosen burgomaster of Neuwied; but he was already known for his Liberal opinions, and the government refused to confirm the appointment, He was hereupon transferred to Bromberg, in

East

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

Prussia, which to an inhabitant of the Rhine-land was the worst form of

exile

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap,
consul
- CONSUL
- CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)
, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

, and in consequence he resigned his place in the public service. He now went to Berlin, where he earned hiS living as a journalist. He was the most consistent advocate of those doctrines of laissez faire and individual liberty which the Germans

call

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

Manchestertum. He was also keenly interested in the attempts made at that period to create co-operative societies among, the working men, and wrote a

work

WORK

on co-operative stores. It was not long before he came into conflict with the government; an electioneering pamphlet published in 1867 was confiscated; he was put on his trial but acquitted. In 1867 he was elected a member of the newly formed Reichstag, and in 1869 of the Prussian parliament. He soon became one of the most influential politicians in Germany. A member of the Progressive party, in 188o one of the founders, and eventually the leader, of the Freisinnige, he was always in opposition. Next to Windthorst (q.v.) he was Bismarck's most dangerous opponent. After the great

change

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

of policy in 1878, for a time his influence was a great impediment to the government; as a consistent adherent to free trade, he was the leader of the opposition to the introduction of protection, to the new colonial policy, and to State

Socialism

SOCIALISM

. It was after 188o that he raised the cry Bismarck muss fort. He always took a great part in debates on the military and naval establishments, in vain opposing the constant increase of army and navy. It was his refusal to support the government proposals in 1893 for an increase of the army which led to the break up of his party: he was left with only eleven followers; and, except among the middle class of Berlin and some other Prussian cities, the old Radical party, of which he was the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

representative, from that time had little influence in the country. In 1885 he founded the Freisinnige Zeitung,-which he edited himself; of his numerous brochures the most successful was his attack on

Socialism

SOCIALISM

, entitled Sozialdemokratische Zukunftsbilder (Berlin, 1891), a clever and successful satire on the Socialist state of the future. This has been translated into the English. He also wrote much on Prussian finance, and under the title Das politische A, B, C

Buch

BUCH
BUCH, CHRISTIAN
LEOPOLD
- LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")
VON, BARON (1774-1853)

compiled a very useful political handbook for Radical voters. He also published in 1892 reminiscences of his youth (Jugenderinnerungen), and two volumes of parliamentary reminiscences (lm alten Reichstag, 18941896).
IHe died at Jena on the 26th of January e906.

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