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Encyclopedia Britannica



RICHARD OF ST VICTOR (d. 1173)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 298 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RHY-RON
RICHARD OF ST VICTOR (d. 1173) , theologian and mystic of the 12th century. Very little is known of his life; he was born in
Scotland
  or in England, and went to Paris, where he entered the abbey of St
Victor
  and was a pupil of the
great
  mystic, Hugh of St
Victor
 . He succeeded as prior of this
house
  in 1162, and was continually contesting the tyrannical authority of the abbot Ervisius. His- writings, some of which are still in
manuscript
 , are very numerous, the best known being his mystical
treatises
 : De statu hominis interioris, De praeparatione animi ad contemplationem, De gratia contemplationis, De gradibus caritatis, De arca nuptica, and his two works on the Trinity: De trinitate libri sex, De tribus appropriatis personis in Trinitate. As is the case with all the Victorines, his
mysticism
  was a reaction against the philosophy of the schools of his time, a perpetual
justification
  of contemplation as opposed to logical reasoning. According to him, six steps lead the soul to contemplation: (1) contemplation of visible and tangible objects; (2) study of the productions of nature and of art; (3) study of character; (4) study of souls and of spirits; (5) entrance to the mystical region which ends in (6) ecstasy. His theory of the Trinity is chiefly based on the arguments of Anselm of Canter-bury, although a certain deification of the social sense is evident.


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