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Encyclopedia Britannica



RICASOLI, BETTINO, BARON (1809-1880)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 288 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RHY-RON
RICASOLI, BETTINO, BARON (1809-1880) , Italian statesman, was born at Broglio on the 19th of March 'Soo. Left an orphan at eighteen, with an estate heavily encumbered, he ' was by
special
  decree of the grand duke of Tuscany declared of age. and
entrusted with the guardianship of his younger brothers. Interrupting his studies, he withdrew to Broglio, and by careful management disencumbered the family possessions. In 1847 he founded the journal La Patria, and addressed to the grand duke a memorial suggesting remedies for the difficulties of the state. In 1848 he was elected Gonfaloniere of Florence, but resigned on account of the
anti
 -Liberal tendencies of the grand duke. As Tuscan minister of the interior in 1859 he promoted the union of Tuscany with Piedmont, which took place on the 12th of March 186o. Elected Italian deputy in 1861, he succeeded Cavour in the premiership. As premier he admitted the Garibaldian volunteers to the regular army, revoked the decree of
exile
  against Mazzini, and attempted reconciliation with the Vatican; but his efforts were rendered ineffectual by the non possumus of the
pope
 . Disdainful of the intrigues of his rival Rattazzi, he found himself obliged in 1862 to resign office, but returned to power in 1866. On this occasion he refused
Napoleon
  III.'s offer to cede Venetia to Italy, on
condition
  that Italy should abandon the Prussian alliance, and also refused the Prussian decoration of the Black Eagle because Lamarmora, author of the alliance, was not to receive it. Upon the departure of the French troops from Rome at the end of 1866 he again attempted to conciliate the Vatican with a convention, in virtue of which Italy would have restored to the Church the property of the suppressed religious orders in return for the
gradual
  payment of 24,000,000. - In order to mollify the Vatican he conceded the exequatur to
forty
 -five bishops inimical to the Italian regime. The Vatican accepted his proposal, but the Italian Chamber proved refractory, and, though dissolved by Ricasoli, returned more hostile than before. Without waiting for a vote, Ricasoli resigned office and thenceforward practically disappeared from political life, speaking in the Chamber only upon rare occasions. He died at Broglio on the 23rd of October 1880. His private life and public career were marked by the utmost integrity, and by a rigid austerity which earned him the,name of the "iron baron." In spite of the failure of his ecclesiastical
scheme
 , he remains one of the most noteworthy figures of the Italian
Risorgimento.
See Tabarrini and Gotti, Lettere e documenti del barone Bettino
Ricasoli, Yo vols. (Florence, 18861894) ; Passerini, Genealogia
e storia della famiglia Ricasoli (ibid. 1861); Gotti, Vita del barone
Bettino Ricasoli (ibid. 1894). (H. W. S.)


End of Article: RICASOLI, BETTINO, BARON (1809-1880)


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