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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RHY-RON |
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RIBERA, GIUSEPPE (1588-1656) , commonly called Lo SPAGNOLETTO, or the Little Spaniard, a leading painter of the Neapolitan or partly of the Spanish school, was born near Valencia in Spain, at Xativa, now named S. Felipe, on 12th January 1588. His parents intended him for a literary or learned career; but he neglected the regular studies, and entered the school of the Spanish painter Francisco Ribalta. Fired with a longing to study art in Italy, he somehow made his way to Rome. Early in the 17th century a cardinal noticed him in the streets of Rome drawing from the frescoes on a palace facade; he took up the ragged stripling and housed him in his mansion . Artists had then already bestowed upon the alien
great
Ribera was as yet still poor and inconspicuous, but a rich picture-dealer in Naples soon discerned in him all the stuff of a successful painter, and gave him his daughter in marriage
chief
Corenzio
Arpino
work
The close of Ribera's triumphant career has been variously related. If we are to believe Dominici, the historian of Neapolitan art, he totally disappeared from Naples in 1648 and was no more heard ofthis being the sequel of the abduction by Don John of Austria, son of Philip IV., of the painter's beautiful only daughter Maria Rosa. But these assertions have not availed to displace the earlier and well-authenticated statement that Ribera died peaceably and wealthy in Naples in 1656. His own signature on his pictures is constantly " Jusepe de Ribera, Espanol." His daughter, so far from being disgraced by an abduction, married a Spanish nobleman who became a minister of the viceroy. The pictorial style of Spagnoletto is extremely powerful. In his earlier style, founded (as we have seen) sometimes on Caravaggio and sometimes on the wholly diverse method of Correggio, the study of Spanish and Venetian masters can likewise be traced. Along with his massive and predominating shadows, he retained from first to last great
ordinary and partly gross, are correct; the impression of his works gloomy and startling. He delighted in subjects of horror. Salvator Rosa and Luca Giordano were his most distinguished pupils; also Giovanni Do, Enrico Fiammingo, Michelangelo Fracanzani, and Aniello Falcone, who was the first considerable painter of battle-pieces. Among Ribera's principal works should be named " St Januarius Emerging from the Furnace," in the cathedral of Naples; the " Descent from the Cross," in the Neapolitan Certosa, generally regarded as his masterpiece; the " Adoration of the Shepherds " (a late
work
Besides the work of Dominici already referred to (184o-46), the Diccionario Historico of Cean Bermudez is a principal authority regarding Ribera and his works; also E. de Lalaing, ' Ribera " (in Histoire de quatre grands peintres), 1888. (W. M. R.) End of Article: RIBERA, GIUSEPPE (1588-1656) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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