RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 182 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RAY-RHU

RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore) , the act of searching into a matter closely and carefully, inquiry directed to the discovery of truth, and in particular the trained scientific investigation of the principles and facts of any subject, based on

original

ORIGINAL

and first-hand study of authorities or experiment. Investigations of every

kind

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

which have been based on

original

ORIGINAL

sources of knowledge may be styled " research," and it may be said that without " research " no authoritative works have been written, no scientific discoveries or inventions made, no theories of any value propounded; but the word also has a somewhat restricted
meaning attached to it in current usage. It is applied more particularly to the investigations of those who devote them-selves to the study of pure as opposed to applied science, to the investigation of causes rather than to

practical

PRACTICAL

experiment; thus while every surgeon or physician who treats an individual

case

CASE
CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

of cancer may add to our sum of knowledge of the disease, the

body

BODY

of trained investigators which is endowed by the Cancer Research Fund are working on different lines. Again, the

practical

PRACTICAL

engineers who are building aeroplanes, and those who are making practical tests by actual flight in those machines, cannot be called " researchers "; that

term

TERM

should be con-fined to the members, for example, of the scientific committee appointed by the British Government in 1909 to make investigations regarding aerial construction and navigation. Further, the

term

TERM

is particularly used of a course of

post

POST

graduate

GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

study at a university, for which many

universities

UNIVERSITIES

have provided

special

SPECIAL

Research Studentships or Fellowships. These act as endowments for a specific period, and are conditional on the holder devoting his time to the investigation at first hand of some specified subject.

End of Article: RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

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