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Encyclopedia Britannica



REICHENBACH, GEORG VON (17721826)

This article appears in Volume V23, Page 49 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RAY-RHU
REICHENBACH, GEORG VON (17721826) , German astronomical
instrument
  maker, was born at Durlach in Baden on the 24th of August 1772. From 1796 he was occupied with the construction of a dividing
engine
 ; in 1804, with Joseph, Liebherr and Joseph Utzschneider, he founded an
instrument
 -making business in
Munich
 ; and in 1809 he established, with Joseph
Fraunhofer
  and Utzschneider, optical works at Benedictbeuern, which were moved to
Munich
  in 1823. He withdrew from both enterprises in 1814, and founded with T. L. Ertel a new optical business, from which also he retired in 1821, on obtaining an engineering appointment under the Bavarian government. He died at Munich on the 21st of May 1826.
Reichenbach
 's
principal
  merit was that he introduced into observatories the meridian or transit circle, combining the transit instrument and tae mural circle into one instrument. This had already been done by O. Romer about 1704, but the
idea
  had not been adopted by any one else, except in the transit circle constructed by
Edward
  Troughton for Stephen Groombridge in 18o6. The transit circle in the form given it by
Reichenbach
  had one finely divided circle attached to one end of the
horizontal
 
axis
  and read by four verniers on an " alidade circle," the unaltered position of which was tested by a spirit level. The instrument came almost at once into universal use on the continent of Europe (the first one was made for F. W. Bessel in 1819), but in England the mural circle and transit instrument were not superseded for many years.


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