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Encyclopedia Britannica



REDSHANK

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 971 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RAY-RHU
REDSHANK , the usual name of a birdthe Scolopax calidris of Linnaeus and Totanus calidris of modern authorsso called in
English
  from the colour of the bare
part
  of its legs, which, being also
long
 , are conspicuous as it flies or runs. In suitable localities it is abundant throughout the greater
part
  of Europe and
Asia
 , from Iceland to China, mostly retiring to the
south
 -ward for the winter, though a considerable number remain during that season along the coasts and estuaries of some of the more northern countries. Before the
great
  changes effected by drainage in England it was a common species in many districts, but at the present day there are very few to which it can resort for the purpose of reproduction. The
body
  of the redshank is as big as a snipe's, but its longer neck, wings and legs make it appear a much larger bird. Above, the general colour is greyish-drab, freckled with black, except the lower part of the back and a conspicuous band on each wing, which are white, while the flight-quills are black, thus producing a very harmonious effect. In the breeding season the back and breast are mottled with dark brown, but in winter the latter is white. The
nest
  is generally concealed in a tuft of rushes or grass, a little removed from the wettest parts of the swamp whence the bird gets its sustenance, and contains four eggs, usually of a rather warmly tinted brown with blackish spots or blotches; but no brief description can be given that would point out their differences from the eggs of other birds, more or less akin, among which, .those of the
lapwing
  (q.v.) especially, they are taken and find a ready sale.
The name Redshank, prefixed by some epithet as Black, Dusky or Spotted, has also been applied to a larger but allied speciesthe Totanus fuscus of ornithologists. This is a much less common bird, and in
Great
  Britain as well as the greater part of Europe it only occurs on its passage to or from its breeding-grounds, which are usually found
south
  of the Arctic Circle, and differ much from those of its congenersthe spot chosen for the
nest
  being nearly always in the midst of forests and, though not in the thickest part of them, often with trees on all sides, generally where a fire has cleared the undergrowth, and mostly at some distance from water. This peculiar habit was first ascertained by \Volley in
Lapland
  in 1853 and the following year. The breeding-dress this bird assumes is also very remarkable, and seems (as is suggested) to have some correlation with the burnt and blackened surface interspersed with white stones or tufts of lichen on which its nest is madefor the head, neck, shoulders and lower parts are of a deep black, contrasting vividly with the pure white of the back and rump, while the legs become of an intense crimson. At other times of the year the plumage is very similar to that of the common redshank, and the legs are of the same light orange-red. (A. N.)


End of Article: REDSHANK


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