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Encyclopedia Britannica



REBELLION

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 950 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: RAY-RHU
REBELLION , the act or continuance in act of a
rebel
  or rebels (Lat. rebellio, rebellis, a compound of ye-, against, and bellum, war). A
rebel
  is one who engages in armed resistance to the government to which he owes allegiance. For the distinction between Civil War and Rebellion, see WAR,
LAWS
  OF. Where individuals as distinguished from groups of men are concerned the
character
  of rebel is easier to determine. That the alleged act of war was done by order of another cannot be in principle an excuse for a subject or citizen of any state taking arms against it. Under the rules of war adopted at the Hague in 1907, moreover, any excuse for doing so is removed by the provision that a belligerent is forbidden to compel nationals of the hostile party to take
part
  in operations of war against their own country, " even if they were in the belligerent's service before the commencement of the war " (art. 123). In the
case
  of R. v. Louw, known as the " Calvinia Flogging
case
  " (Supreme
Court
  of the Cape Colony, Feb. 18, 1904), the question of the validity of the excuse of acting under orders contrary to allegiance was discussed in an uncertain spirit, and in a previous case, the Moritz case, tried before the Treason
Court
  at Mafeking (Nov. 7, 1901), the court held that insurgent nationals " who had joined the burghers must be placed on the same footing as burghers fighting against us." There may be
special
  circumstances operating to qualify the application of a principle, but the above stated principle, as such, must be regarded as the only legal basis of
argument
  on the subject. (T. BA.)


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