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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY |
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RASPBERRY , known botanically as Rubus Idaeus (nat. ord. Rosaceae, q.v.), a fruit- bush
bush
bear fruit in the subsequent year, and then decay. In dressing the plants, which is done immediately after the crop is gathered, all these exhausted stems are cut away, and of the young canes only three or four of the strongest are left, which are shortened about a third. The stems, being too weak to stand by themselves, are sometimes connected together by the points in the form of arches, or a stake is driven in midway between the plants, and half the canes are bent one way and half the other, both being tied to the stake. Sometimes they are tied upright to stakes fixed to each stool
horizontal
by which means the bearing shoots are deflected from the perpendicular to the sunny side of the row, and are not shaded by the annual wood. When this mode of training is adopted, the plan of planting 1 foot apart in the row and leaving one or two canes only to each shoot is preferable. The ground between the rows should never be disturbed by deep digging; but an abundant supply of good manure should be given annually in autumn as a dressing, which should be forked in regularly to a depth of 4 or 5 inches. All surplus suckers should be got away early in the summer before they have robbed the rootsfive or six, to be reduced to the four best, being reserved to each root. Fresh plantations of raspberries should be made every six or seven years. The double-bearing varieties, which continue to fruit during autumn, require light soils and warm situations. These an honorary member of the Royal Society in London, and he should be cut close down in February, as it is the strong young I wrote voluminously on all sorts of subjects. In 1774 he started shoots of the current year which bear the late
The other varieties may be made to bear in autumn by cutting the stems half-way down at an early period in spring ; but, as with all other fruits, the flavour of the raspberry is best when it is allowed to ripen at its natural season.The following are some of the finer sorts now in cultivation: Baumforth's Seedlinga large summer-bearing red. Carter's Prolifica large summer-bearing red. Fastolf or Filbya large summer-bearing red. M'Laren's Prolifica large double-bearing red. Northumberland Fillbasketa large summer red. October Reda fine autumn-bearing red. October Yellowa fine autumn-bearing yellow. Prince of Walesa large summer-bearing red. Red Antwerpa large summer-bearing red. Rogers's Victoriaa large autumn-bearing red. Round Antwerpa large summer-bearing red. Semler Fidelisan excellent bright red variety; heavy cropper. Superlativefruits rich red; perhaps the best raspberry incultivation. Sweet Yellow Antwerpa large summer-bearing yellow. The European raspberry, though admittedly of better quality, has been largely displaced in the United States of America by a closely allied native species, R. strigosus, the numerous varieties of which are hardier than the varieties of the European species and ripen their crop much more rapidly. The stems are more slender and flexible than in R. Idaeus, usually brown or reddish-brown in colour and beset with stiff straight prickles. The most important raspberry of cultivation in America is R. occidentalis, the black raspberry or thimbleberry, which is at once distinguished by its firm black, rarely yellow, fruit. The purple-cane raspberry, R. neglectus, with fruit varying in colcur from dull purple to dark red or sometimes yellowish, is perhaps a hybrid between R. strigosus and R. occidentalis. For a detailed account of the American species of Rubus see F. W. Card, Bush fruits (1898). The Loganberry is a hybrid between the raspberry (Rubus Idaeus) and the blackberry or bramble (R. fruticosus), and derives its name from its raiser, Judge Logan of the American Bar. It is a strong-growing plant, partaking more of the habit of the blackberry than the raspberry, and making shoots often TO to 15 ft. long in the course of the year. These bear leaves with 5 leaflets, and fruit the following year. The fruiting shoots have leaves with only 3 leaflets; but young and old stems are densely covered with sharp
The Loganberry flourishes in heavy loamy soil, and is a useful plant for old fences or trellises, or even in waste places, where it is fully exposed to the sunshine. The old fruiting shoots should be cut away each winter, and in the spring the young shoots should have a foot or two taken off the ends, to induce the better and riper buds lower down to throw masses of white flowers
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