RANC, ARTHUR (18311908)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 885 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY

RANC, ARTHUR (18311908) , French politician and writer, was born at Poitiers on the loth of December 1831, and was educated for the law. Implicated in a plot against

Napoleon

NAPOLEON

III. in 1853, he was acquitted, but shortly afterwards was imprisoned for belonging to a

secret

SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

society; for his share in anti-imperialist conspiracies in 1855 he was arrested and deported to Algeria without a trial. The amnesty of 18J9 permitted him to return to Paris, where he soon drew the attention of the police to his presence by his violent articles. During the siege of Paris he left the city in a

balloon

BALLOON

and joined

Gambetta

GAMBETTA, LEON (1838-1882)

, for whom he organized a system of spies through which General Trochu was kept informed of the strength and disposition of the Prussians around Paris. He was elected to the National Assembly in February 1871, but resigned rather than subscribe to the peace. He had been elected mayor of the ninth arrondissement of Paris in the autumn of 187o, and in March was sent by the same

district

DISTRICT

to the Commune, from which he resigned when he found no reconciliation was possible between the mayors and the Commune. In July he became a member of the municipal council of Paris, and in 1873 was returned to the National Assembly for the department of the Rhone, and took his place on the extreme Left. A month after his election the

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

of Paris demanded his prosecution for his share in the Commune. The claim being granted by a large majority, he
escaped to Belgium, where he issued a pamphlet defending his action during the Commune. On his failure to appear before the court he was condemned to death, and remained in Belgium until 1879, when he was included in the amnesty proclaimed by Grevy. During his

exile

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap,
consul
- CONSUL
- CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)
, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

he continued his active collaboration bn La Republique francaise. In 1873 he fought a duel with Paul de Cassagnac, and he acted as second to Clemenceau more than once. He energetically defended the republic against the Boulangist agitation, and took an equally courageous part in the Dreyfus affair. In the Picquart-

Henry

duel he was second to Colonel Picquart. He succeeded Clemenceau as editor of the Aurore, in which Zola's

letter

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

" J'accuse " had appeared, and was president of the Association of Republican Journalists. In 1903 he became senator for Corsica, and died on the loth of August 1908.
In addition to his purely political writings, Arthur Ranc published political novels of the Second Empire, Sous l'empire (1872) and Le roman dune conspiration (1868).

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