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Encyclopedia Britannica



RANCHI

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 885 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
RANCHI , a town and
district
  of British India, in the Chota Nagpur division of Bengal. The town, which is situated on the Chota Nagpur
plateau
 , about 2100 ft. above sea-level, is the headquarters of both the division and the
district
 . Pop. (1901) 25,970. It is an important centre of local
trade
  and the headquarters of the German Lutheran mission. There are a high school and an industrial school, and it is proposed to found here a residential college for all Bengal. The cantonments, formerly called Doranda, accommodate a detachment of native infantry.
The DISTRICT OF RANCHI, formerly called Lohardaga after the town which was its headquarters, has an area of 7128 sq. m. It consists of two tablelands, of which the higher rises to about 2000 ft. The whole area is broken by hills and undulations, which are terraced for
rice
 . The steep slopes are covered with a dense forest, where wild animals still abound, but no profit is derived from the timber. The
principal
  rivers are the Subanarekha and the North and
South
  Koel. In 1901 the population was 1,187,925, showing an increase of 5.2% in the decade. Christians form to% of the
total
 . The district was affected by the
famine
  of 18961897, and still more severely by that of 190o.
Rice
  is everywhere the staple crop, with some millets and pulses. Tea cultivation has been introduced, but does not flourish. The only industry on a large scale is themanufacture of shellac. Myrobalans are also exported. Iron and soapstone are worked in small quantities. Hopes of profitable gold-mining in the quartz veins of the schist formation have proved abortive. There is no railway in the district, though surveys have been made to connect with the Bengal-Nagpur line.
See F. B. Bradley-Birt, Chota Nagpur (1903).


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