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Encyclopedia Britannica



RAMBOUILLET

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 874 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
RAMBOUILLET , a town of northern France,
capital
  of an arrondissement in the department of Seine-et-Oise, 3o m. S.W. of Paris on the railway to Chartres. Pop. (1go6) town, 3965; commune, 6165. Rambouillet derives its whole
interest
  from the associations connected with the ancient chateau, dating originally from the 14th century, but often rebuilt. A
great
  machicolated tower is all that remains of the medieval building; some apartments with good woodwork are also of
interest
 . The chateau is surrounded by a beautiful park of 3000 acres and by an extensive forest. The gardens, partly in French, partly in English style, are picturesque, and have an avenue of Louisiana cypress unique in Europe. The park contains the national sheep-farm, where in the 18th century the first flock of merino sheep in France was raised, a school of sheep-farming, and, close to the latter, a small dairy built by Louis XVI. The
shooting
  of the famous coverts of Rambouillet is reserved for the presidents of the Republic. The town is the seat of a sub-prefect and has a tribunal of first instance and a preparatory infantry school. Trade is in grain, wool, flour and
wood
 . Watch-springs are manufactured.
Originally a royal domain, the lands of Rambouillet passed in the 14th century to the D'Angennes family, who held them for three hundred years and built the chateau. Francis I. died there in 1547; and Charles IX. and Catherine de Medicis found a
refuge
  there in the Wars of Religion, as
Henry
  III. did after them. The title became a marquisate in 1612, at which time it was held by Charles d'Angennes, husband of Catherine de Vivonne (q.v.), the famous marchioness of Rambouillet. Created a duchy and peerage in favour of the duke of Toulouse, son of Louis XIV., Rambouillet was subsequently bought and embellished by Louis XVI., who erected a model farm and other buildings. The place was a hunting-seat of
Napoleon
  I. and Charles X., and it was here that in 183o the latter signed his abdication.


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