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Encyclopedia Britannica



QUIRINUS

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 763 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
QUIRINUS , the Sabine name of the god Mars, probably an
adjective
  meaning " wielder of the spear " (Quiris, cf. Janus Quirinus). Other suggested etymologies are: (1) from the Sabine town Cures; (2) from curia, i.e. he was the god of the Roman state as represented by the thirty curies. A. B. Cook (Class. Rev. xviii., p. 368) explains Quirinus as the oak-god (quercus), and Quirites as the men of the oaken spear. From early times he was worshipped at Rome on the Quirinal hill, whither, according to tradition, a
body
  of Sabines Under Titus Tatius had migrated from Cures and taken up their abode. In the religious
system
  of Numa, Quirinus and Mars were both recognized as divine beings, distinct but of similar attributes and functions; thus, like Mars, Quirinus was at once a god of war and a nature god, the
protector
  of fields and flocks. Subsequently, at the end of the republic, Quirinus became identified with the deified
Romulus
 , son of Mars. One of the greater flamens was attached to the service of Quirinus, a second college of Salii founded in his honour, and a festival " Quirinalia " celebrated on the 17th of
February
 , the day of the sup-posed
translation
  of
Romulus
  to heaven. Old Roman formulae of
prayer
  mention a Hora Quirini, his female cult associate, afterwards identified with Hersilia, the wife of Romulus.
The name was also borne by the following saints: (r) a Roman tribune who suffered martyrdom under Hadrian; (2) a
bishop
  of Siscia in Pannonia; (3) the patron of the Tegernsee in Bavaria, beheaded in Rome in 269 and invoked by those suffering from gout. The petroleum (Quirinus-oil) found in the neighbourhood of the lake takes its name from him.


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