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Encyclopedia Britannica



QUINTESSENCE

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 761 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
QUINTESSENCE , in ancient and scholastic philosophy, the name given to the fifth immaterial
element
 , over and above the four material elements, air, water, earth and fire, which
Aristotle
  assumed to be permeating the whole world, and called obaia: in medieval philosophy this was called quinta essentia, the fifth essence, and by many was considered material and therefore capable of extraction. The ancient Indian philosophers also contain the same
idea
  of a fifth
element
 ; thus there were five Sanskrit elements ( bhutas) , earth, wind, fire, water and
aether
 . In the history of
chemistry
  the name was applied, by
analogy
 , to the most concentrated extract of a substance.


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