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Encyclopedia Britannica



QUESNEL, PASQUIER (1634-1719)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 744 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
QUESNEL, PASQUIER (1634-1719) , French Jansenist theologian, was born in Paris on the 14th of July 1634, and, after graduating in the Sorbonne with distinction in 1653, joined the French Oratory in 1657. There he soon became prominent; but his Jansenist sympathies led to his banishment from Paris in 1681. He took
refuge
  with the friendly Cardinal Coislin,
bishop
  of Orleans; four years later, however, foreseeing that a fresh
storm
  of persecution was about to burst, he fled to Brussels, and took up his abode with
Antoine
  Arnauld (q.v.). There he remained till 1703, when he was arrested by order of the archbishop of Malines. After three months' imprisonment he made a highly dramatic escape, and settled at
Amsterdam
 , where he spent the remainder of his life. After Arnauld's death in 1694
Quesnel
  was generally regarded as the leader of the Jansenist party; and his Reflexions morales sur le Nouveau Testament played almost as large a part in its literature as
Jansen
 's Augustinus itself. As its title betokens, this was a devotional commentary on the Scriptures, wherein
Quesnel
  managed to explain the aims and ideals of the Jansenist party better than any earlier writer had done; and it accordingly became the
chief
  object of Jesuit attack. It appeared in many forms and under varioustitles, the
original
  germ going back so far as 1668; the first complete edition was published in 1692. The
bull
  Unigenitus, in which no fewer than rot sentences from the Reflexions morales were condemned as heretical, was obtained from Clement IX. on the 8th of September 1713. Quesnel died at
Amsterdam
  on the 2nd of December 1719.
See also Mme. Albert Le Roy, Un Janseniste en exil (Paris, 1900; and Maulvault, Repertoire de Port Royal (Paris, 1902).
(ST. C.)


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