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Encyclopedia Britannica



QUEEN

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 729 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
QUEEN ANNE'S
BOUNTY
 , the name applied to a perpetual fund of first-fruits and tenths granted by a charter of Queen Anne, and confirmed by
statute
  in 1703 (2 & 3 Anne, c. u), for the augmentation of the livings of the poorer Anglican
led to the summit. It was no place for artillery, and even for infantry the climb was long and exhausting, but the attempt was made. Considered as a way of taking Quebec, it was in the last degree a forlorn
hope
 , but Wolfe, as a true soldier, felt the imperative necessity of preventing his opponent from sending reinforcements to the force opposing Amherst, and staked everything upon achieving this at least. " Happy if our efforts here," as he wrote, " can contribute to the success of His Majesty's arms in any other part of America." What with losses in action and by sickness, and detachments to guard the camps and batteries, only 3600 men could be spared for the attempt. These embarked on the warships on the evening of September 12, and sailed up stream. The watchful Montcalm sent a detachment to observe their movements, but the ships proceeded to a point well above the
cove
 , luring the detachment out of the way. Then at 1 a.m. Wolfe, with half his force, dropped down stream in the boats of the
squadron
  and landed. The path was guarded by a redoubt, but the light infantry which led the advance scarcely attempted to follow it, scrambling up the hillside wherever they could find a foothold. The garrison of the redoubt, startled by the unforeseen attack, abandoned the
work
 , and by daylight Wolfe had assembled his 3600 men on the plains above the city. Mont-calm meanwhile had been held in check by a demonstration of part of the
fleet
  under Admiral Saunders on Beauport, but at last, realizing that the real attack was coming from the other flank, he hurried all the troops he could collect over the St Charles and drew them up on the plain, with their backs to the walls of the upper town. He took the offensive at once. He had plenty of militiamen and irregulars, and these rapidly drove the British light infantry on to their main
body
 , which was threatened on both flanks. On so small a battlefield, the troops in Wolfe's line of battle quickly became aware that the eneniy was attacking in superior force. But their leader steadied them by his personal example, and when the French came within close range one " perfect volley " from the whole line decided the battle. Then as the French stopped, with
great
  gaps in their lines, Wolfe led on his men to complete the victory. He received two painful wounds and then a shot through the breast. His last order, one rare indeed in the annals of 18th-century fighting, was to send a force to the St Charles bridge to cut off the
retreat
  of the French. Montcalm too was mortally wounded, and died next day. On the 18th of September Quebec surrendered.


End of Article: QUEEN


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