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Encyclopedia Britannica



PYRRHOTITE

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 697 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
PYRRHOTITE , a
mineral
  species consisting of iron sulphide and crystallizing in the hexagonal
system
 . The
formula
  is Fen, Sn.+, where n may vary from 5 to 16; usually it is Fez Sa or Fell S,2, the latter being also the composition of the artificially prepared compound. Small amounts of nickel and
cobalt
  are often present.
Crystals have the form of hexagonal plates bounded at their edges by faces cf a hexagonal prism and pyramids, which are deeply striated horizontally. More frequently, however, the
mineral
  is massive, with a laminar or granular structure. The colour is bronze-yellow and the lustre metallic; the streak is greyish-black. The hardness is 4 and the specific gravity 4 584.64. The mineral is magnetic, sometimes with polarity, and it is therefore often called " magnetic pyrites."
Pyrrhotite occurs in metalliferous veins, and as grains and plates disseminated through various rocks. In the gabbros and norites of Norway and
Sweden
  it has been concentrated by magmatic differentiation at the margins of the igneous masses. Large bodies of massive pyrrhotite occur at Bodenmais in Bavaria and in Wheal Jane near Truro in
Cornwall
 . Crystallized specimens are from the metalliferous veins at Morro Velho in Brazil,
Kongsberg
  in Norway, and Andreasberg in the Harz. Crystals of pyrrhotite have also been observed in meteoric stones; but iron sulphide appears more commonly in meteorites, especially in meteoric irons, as troilite (FeS), which, if really distinct from pyrrhotite, has not been met with in terrestrial rocks. (L. J. S.)


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