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Encyclopedia Britannica



PYROPE (pronounced pirop)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 695 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
PYROPE (pronounced pirop) , a deep red variety of garnet, named from the Gr. 7rvpw7r6r (fiery) in allusion to its colour. It is used, like almandine (q.v.), as a gem-stone, but may be distinguished by the absence of any tinge of violet in its colour and by its lower specific gravity (3.7 or 3.8, while that of almandine is 4.1 to 4.3). The typical colour of
pyrope
  is blood-red, though sometimes a trace of orange gives rise to a hyacinthine hue: occasionally the
mineral
  becomes nearly black, as seen in the
pyrope
  of Arendal in Norway. Crystals are rare, but cubic forms have been observed. Pyrope may be regarded as a magnesium-
aluminium
  garnet (see GARNET), but it usually contains more or less
calcium
 , iron, manganese and chromium; and the
rich
  colour of the
mineral
  seems due to the presence of some of the last three metals, though their exact
condition
  in the mineral has not been determined.
Pyrope generally occurs in grains embedded in peridotites (olivine rocks) or in serpentine resulting from their alteration, or it is foundthe earliest known is that of Homberg, prepared by
heating
  a mixture of alum and finely divided carbon to redness in a closed tube. On opening the tube and emptying out the black residue (consisting of potassium sulphide,
aluminium
  sulphate and carbon) it promptly catches fire. Many readily oxidizable substances, especially when very finely divided, have the same property. Metallic iron and
cobalt
 , when prepared under certain conditions, are pyrophoric, as is also ferrous
oxide
 . Spontaneously inflammable liquids are also known, e.g. certain alkyl metallic compounds, phosphorus dihydride, &c.


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