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Encyclopedia Britannica



PYROMORPHITE

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 694 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PYR-RAY
PYROMORPHITE , a
mineral
  species composed of lead chloro-
Crystals are common, and have the form of a hexagonal prism terminated by the basal planes, sometimes combined with narrow faces of a hexagonal pyramid. Crystals with a barrel-like curvature are not uncommon. Globular and reniform masses are also found. As proved by the etched figures on the faces, crystals possess the same parallel-faced hemihedrism as apatite, with which
mineral
  pyromorphite and also mimetite are isomorphous. Between pyromorphite and the corresponding chloro-arsenate (mimetite, (q.v.) the resemblance in external characters is so close that, as a
rule
 , it is only possible to distinguish between them by chemical tests: and they were formerly confused under the names " green lead ore " and " brown lead ore " (German, Griinbleierz and Braunbleierz). The phosphate was first distinguished chemically by M. H. Klaproth, in 1784, and it was named pyromorphite by J. F. L. Hausmann in 1813, being so named from the Gr. xup (fire) and uopcpn (form), because when a fragment of the mineral is fused the globule assumes a faceted form on solidifying. The colour of the mineral is usually some
bright
  shade of green, yellow or brown, and the lustre is resinous. The hardness is 3 and the specific gravity 6.57.1. Owing to isomorphous replacement of the phosphorus by arsenic there may be a .
gradual
  passage from pyromorphite to mimetite. Varieties containing
calcium
  isomorphously replacing lead are lower in .density' (specific gravity 5.96.5) and usually lighter in colour; they
bear
  the names " polysphaerite " (because of the globular fotm),'` miesite " from Mies in Bohemia, " nussierite
from Nu8sihre near Beaujeu, Rhone, France, and " cherokine" from Cherokee county in Georgia.
694
Pyromorphite has resulted from the alteration of galena in the oxidized portions of metalliferous veins, and is frequently met with in the upper levels of lead mines. Finely crystallized specimens have been found at Braubach and Ems in Nassau, Wheal Alfred in
Cornwall
 , Roughten Gill in Cumberland, Leadhills in
Scotland
 , Phoenixville in
Pennsylvania
 , Huelgoat in Finistere, Brittany, &c. At the last-named locality, as well as at Wheal
Hope
 , near Truro in
Cornwall
 , there were formerly found curious pseudomorphs of galena after pyromorphite, known as " blue lead ore."
(L. J. S.)


End of Article: PYROMORPHITE


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