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Encyclopedia Britannica



PROTEUS

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 475 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PRE-PYR
PROTEUS , in Greek mythology, a prophetic old man of the sea. According to
Homer
 , his resting-place was the
island
  of Pharos, near the mouth of the Nile; in Virgil his
home
  is the
island
  of Carpathus, between
Crete
  and Rhodes. He knew all things past, present and future, but was loth to tell what he knew. Those who would consult him had first to surprise and bind him during his noonday slumber in a cave by the sea, where he was wont to pass the heat of the day surrounded by his seals. Even when caught he would try to escape by assuming all sorts of shapes: now he was a lion, now a serpent, a leopard, a boar, a tree, fire, water. But if his captor held him fast the god at last returned to his proper shape, gave the wished-for answer, and then plunged into the sea. He was subject to Poseidon, and acted as shepherd to his " flocks." In post-Homeric times the story ran that Proteus was the son of Poseidon and a king of
Egypt
 , to whose
court
  Helen was taken by Hermes after she had been carried off, Paris being accompanied to' Troy by a phantom substituted for her. This is the story followed by
Herodotus
  (ii. 112, 118), who got it from Egyptian priests, and by Euripides in the
Helena
 . From his power of assuming what-ever shape he pleased Proteus came to be regarded, especially by the Orphic mystics, as a symbol of the
original
  matter from which the world was created. Rather he is typical of the ever-changing aspect of the sea (
Homer
 , Odyssey, iv. 351; Virgil, Georgics, iv. 386).


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