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Encyclopedia Britannica



PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 423 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PRE-PYR
PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce) , in general, the act of producing, or bringing forth. Production, in contrast with distribution and
consumption
 , is one of the
great
  divisions which all
treatises
  on economics make in dealing with the subject, and as such it is defined in every text-
book
  and its elements and processes dealt with at length. J. R. McCulloch's definition may be given as one difficult to improve on: " by production, in the science of political
economy
 , we are not to understand the production of matter, for that is the exclusive attribute of Omnipotence, but the production of utility, and consequently of exchangeable value, by appropriating and modifying matter already in existence, so as to fit it to satisfy qur wants, and to contribute to our enjoyments." W. S. Jevons says, " production is one of the very few happily chosen terms which the economist possesses. Etymologically the
term
  implies that we draw wealth forth, and this is the correct
idea
  of production." Though the mere definition of " production " as the creation of utilities is apparently simple enough, the treatment of the subject has varied from time to time in proportion to the changes which economic science has itself undergone; it has been said that the theory of production is based on unalterable natural facts, but even this cannot be too absolutely stated, for the organization of production changes with social growth. Much discussion has, during the growth of the science of economics, centred round what is and what is not productive or unproductive, and as to the relative importance of the functions of production and distribution.
See E.
Canaan
 's History of the Theories of Production and Distribution (1893), and the standard
treatises
  on economics. Also the articles,
CAPITAL
 ; VALUE; WEALTH.


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