PROBUS, MARCUS VALERIUS

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 408 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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PROBUS, MARCUS VALERIUS , of Berytus, Roman grammarian and critic, flourished during the reign of Nero. He was a student rather than a teacher, and devoted himself to the criticism and elucidation of the texts of classical authors (especially the most important Roman poets) by means of marginal-PROCESS
notes or by signs, after the manner of the Alexandrine grammarians. In this way he treated

Horace

HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

, Lucretius, Terence and Persius, the

biography

BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios,
life
- LIFE
, and yp&4 , writing)

of the last-named being probably taken from Probus's introduction to his edition of the poet. With the exception of these texts, he published little, but his lectures were preserved in the notes taken by his pupils. Some of his criticisms on Virgil may be preserved in the commentary on the Bucolics and Georgics which goes under his name. We possess by him

part

PART

of a treatise De notis, probably an excerpt from a larger

work

WORK

. It contains a

list

LIST (O.E.
lisle
- LISLE, ALICE (c. 1614-1685)
, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr.
lisle
- LISLE, ALICE (c. 1614-1685)
)
LIST,
FRIEDRICH
- FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )
(1789-1846)

of abbreviations used in official and historical writings (especially proper names), in

laws

LAWS

, legal pleadings and edicts.
The following works have been wrongly attributed to him. (I) Catholica Probi, on the declension of nouns, the conjugation of verbs, and the rhythmic endings of sentences. This is now generally regarded as the

work

WORK

of the grammarian Marius Plotius Sacerdos (3rd century). (2) Institute artium, on the eight parts of speech, also called Ars vaticana from its having been found in a Vatican MS. As mention is made in it of the baths of Diocletian, it cannot be earlier than the 4th century. It is possibly by a later Probus, whose existence is, however, problematical. (3) Appendix Probi, treating of the noun, the use of cases, rules of orthography (valuable in reference to the pronunciation of Latin at the time), and a table of Differentiae. As the author has evidently used the Institute, it also must be assigned to a

late

LATE

date. (4) De nomine excerpta, a compilation from various grammatical works.
See J. Steup, De Probis grammaticis (1871); Teuffel-Schwabe, Hist. of Roman Literature (Eng. trans.), 301.

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