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Encyclopedia Britannica



PRIVY SEAL

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 373 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PRE-PYR
PRIVY SEAL , a seal of the United Kingdom, next in importance to the
great
  seal, and occupying an intermediate position between it and the signet. The authority of the privy seal was principally of a two-fold nature. It was a warrant to the lord
chancellor
  to affix the
great
  seal to such patents, charters, &c., as must necessarily pass the great seal (more particularly letters patent (q.v.). It was also the authority required for the issue of money from the
exchequer
 , and was appended to documents of
minor
  importance which did not require the great seal. Previous to the Great Seal Act 1884, all letters patent conferring any dignity, office,
monopoly
 , franchise or other privilege were always passed under the privy seal before passing under the great seal.
Lord Privy Seal is the title of the officer who had the custody of the privy seal. He was originally known as the " keeper of the privy seal." The importance of the office was due to the desire of the privy
council
  and the
parliament
  in the 14th and 15th centuries to place some check on the issue of public money, as well as to prevent the use of the great seal by the sovereign without any intermediary except the lord
chancellor
 . The lord privy seal first appears as a minister of state in the reign of
Edward
  III. Until 1537 he was always an ecclesiastic, but is now more usually a temporal lord. He is the fifth great officer of state, and takes rank next after the president of the
council
  and before all dukes.
See Anson, Law and Custom of the Constitution (1896).


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