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Encyclopedia Britannica



PRINCIPAL

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 348 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PRE-PYR
PRINCIPAL , a person or thing first, or
chief
  in rank or importance, or, more widely, prominent, leading. The Lat. adj. principalis, first,
chief
 ,
original
 , also princely, is formed from princeps, the first, chief, prince, from Primus, first, and capere to hold. In
Late
  Lat. principalis was used as a substitute for an overseer or superintendent, and also for the chief
magistrate
  of a municipality (Symmachus, Ep. 9, 1). It is a common title for the head of educational institutions, universities, colleges and schools. It is thus used of the director, of some of the heads of newer universities in England, e.g. London and Birmingham, always so in
Scotland
 , and frequently combined with the vice-chancellorship. At the university of Oxford the name occurs twice as the title of the head of a college, viz. of Brasenose and Jesus. It was always used of the heads of halls, of which St Edmund
Hall
  alone remains. It is also the designation used of the head of the newer theological or denominational colleges, and also of the women's colleges. At
Cambridge
  it does not occur. In law, it is used in distinction from " accessory," for the person who actually commits the crime, " principal in the first degree," or who is present, aiding and abetting at the commission of the crime," principal in the second degree;" and also for the person for whom another
acts by his authority (see PRINCIPAL AND AGENT below). Finally
as a shortened form of " principal sum," " principal money," &c.,, the term is used of the
original
  sum lent or invested upon which
interest
  is paid, and so, widely of any
capital
  sum, as opposed to
interest
  or income derived from it.


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