PRIENE (mod. Samsun kale)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 316 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PRE-PYR

PRIENE (mod. Samsun kale) , an ancient city of

Ionia

IONIA

on the foot-hills of Mycale, about 6 m. N. of the Maeander. It wasformerly on the sea coast, but now lies some miles inland. It is said to have been founded by Ionians under Aegyptus, a son of Neleus. Sacked by Ardys of

Lydia

LYDIA

, it revived and attained great prosperity under its " sage," Bias, in the middle of the 6th century. Cyrus captured it in 545; but it was able to send twelve ships to join the Ionian revolt (500-494). Disputes with Samos, and the troubles after Alexander's death, brought Priene low, and Rome had to save it from the kings of Pergamum and Cappadocia in 155. Orophernes, the rebellious brother of the Cappadocian king, who had deposited a treasure there and recovered it by Roman intervention, restored the temple of Athena as a thankoffering. Under Roman and Byzantine dominion Priene had a prosperous history. It passed into Moslem hands

late

LATE

in the 13th century. The ruins, which lie on successive terraces, were the object of missions sent out by the English Society of Dilettanti in 1765 and 1868, and have been thoroughly laid open by Dr Th. Wiegand (1895-1899) for the Berlin Museum. The city, as rebuilt in the 4th and 3rd centuries, was laid out on a rectangular

scheme

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

. It faced south, its

acropolis

ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

rising nearly 700 ft. behind it. The whole area was enclosed by a

wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

7 ft. thick with towers at intervals and three principal gates. On the lower slopes of the

acropolis

ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

was a shrine of Demeter. The town had six main streets, about 20 ft. wide, running east and west and fifteen streets about 10 ft. wide crossing at right angles, all being evenly spaced; and it was thus divided into about 8o insulae. Private houses were apportioned four to an insula. The systems of water-

supply

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

and drainage can easily be discerned. The houses present many analogies with the earliest Pompeian. In the western half of the city, on a high terrace north of the main street and approached by a fine stairway, was the temple of Athena Polias, a hexastyle peripterial Ionic structure built by Pythias, the architect of the Mausoleum. Under the basis of the statue of Athena were found in 187o silver tetradrachms of Orophernes, and some jewelry, probably deposited at the time of the Cappadocian restoration. Fronting the main street is a

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of halls, and on the other side is the fine market place. The municipal buildings, Roman gymnasium, and well preserved theatre lie to the north, but, like all the other public structures, in the centre of the plan. Temples of Isis and Asclepius have been laid bare. At the lowest point on the south, within the walls, was the large stadium, connected with a gymnasium of Hellenistic times.
See Society of Dilettanti, Ionian Antiquities (1821), vol. ii.; Th. Wiegand and H. Schrader, Priene (1904); on

inscriptions

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

(36o) see Hiller von Gartringen, Inschriften von Priene (Berlin, 1907), with collection of ancient references to the city. (D. G. H.)

End of Article: PRIENE (mod. Samsun kale)

If you wish, you can link directly to this article.

<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/PRE_PYR/PRIENE_mod_Samsun_kale_.html">
PRIENE (mod. Samsun kale)
</a>

(Previous)
PRIEGO DE CORDOBA

(Next)
PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

JCSM was founded in 1997 and exists to help the community and bring people into a life-changing and productive relationship with Jesus Christ. JCSM offers over 200,000 free web pages, including its weekly inspirational emails that were sent continuously for over a decade.

Jesus Christ Saves Ministries
P.O. Box 9297
San Diego, CA 92169
1-888-887-0417 or Email