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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: POL-PRE |
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PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer) , an ecclesiastical dignitary of high rank. In the early middle ages the title prelate was applied to secular persons in high positions and thence it passed to persons having ecclesiastical authority. The De prelatis of Valerian is concerned with secular princes, and even as late
ordinary priests charged with the cure of souls and, in the early days of monasticism , to monastic superiors, even to superiors of convents of women. The term occurs very frequently in the Rule
In more modern usage in the Roman Catholic Church prelates, properly so-called, are those who have jurisdiction in foro externo, but a liberal interpretation has given the title a more general significance. Prelacy is defined by the canonists as " pre-eminence with jurisdiction " (praeeminentia cum jurisdictione), and the idea supposes an episcopal or quasi-episcopal jurisdiction. But gradually the title was extended to ecclesiastical persons having a prominent office even without jurisdiction, and later still it has come to be applied to ecclesiastical persons marked by some special
We may therefore distinguish " true " from " titular " prelates. The true prelacy is composed of the persons who constitute the ecclesiastical hierarchy; jurisdiction is inherent in their office and gives pre-eminence, as with patriarchs, arch-bishops and bishops. A good example of the dependence of prelacy on jurisdiction is found in those religious orders, such as the Dominicans, where authority is strictly elective and temporary. Thus a Dominican prior ranks ipso facto as a prelate during his three years of office, but, if not re-elected, loses this dignity with his jurisdiction. The true, no less than the titular, prelates have their various ranks, differing as regards title, precedence, clothing and other insignia. The distinguishing colour of a prelate's clothing is violet; the form, like the greater or less use of violet, depends on the rank of the prelate. Four classes may be distinguished: (I) Great
ordinary diocesan jurisdiction and themselves possess episcopaljurisdiction (jurisdictio quasi episcopalis). (3) Roman prelates, (a) active and (b) honorary. The title is applied to numerous ecclesiastics attached by some dignity, active or honorary, to the Roman court (see CURIA ROMANA). In the list
special
majority to which those members of certain families who are destined for the clerical life naturally succeed.In the reformed churches the title was retained in England, Sweden, Denmark and Germany. The cathedral chapter of Brandenburg consists of two prelates, the dean and the senior, besides eight other members. The chapter of Merseburg contains five prelates, viz. the dean, senior, provost, custos and scholasticus. In Baden the general synod is presided over by the prelate (prelat), i.e. the principal " superintendent." In the Church of England the term prelate has been since the Reformation applied only to archbishops and bishops. The word " prelacy," meaning no more originally than the office and dignity of a prelate, came to be applied in Presbyterian Scotland and Puritan Englandespecially during the 17th centuryto the episcopal form of church government, being used in a derogatory sense.See Du Cange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis (new ed., by L. Favre, Niort, 1883) ; Paul Hinschius, Kirchenrecht (Berlin, 1869) ; F. H. Vering, professor of law at Prague, Lehrbuch des katholischen, orientalischen and protestantischen Kirchenrechts (1893). (E. O'N.) End of Article: PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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