POWIS, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 238 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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POWIS, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF . Before the Norman Conquest the Welsh principality of Powis, comprising the county of Montgomery and part of the counties of Brecknock, Radnor, Shropshire, Merioneth and Denbigh, was subject to the princes of North Wales. Early in the 12th century it was divided into upper and lower Powis. In 1283 Owen ap Griffin, prince of upper Powis, formally resigned his princely title (nomen et circulum principatus) and his lands to the English king Edward I. at Shrewsbury, and received the lands again as an English barony. (See Montgomeryshire Collections, 1868, vol. i.). This barony of Powis passed through female inheritance to the family of Cherleton and in 1421 to that of Grey. It fell into abeyance in 1551.
In 1587 Sir Edward

Herbert

(d. 1594), a younger son of William

Herbert

earl

EARL

of Pembroke, purchased some of the lands of the barony, including Red castle, afterwards Powis castle, near Welshpool, and in 1629 his son William (c. 1573-1656) was created Baron Powis. William's grandson, William, the 3rd baron (c. 16291696), was created

earl

EARL

of Powis in 1674 and Viscount Montgomery and marquess of Powis in 1687. The recognized head of the Roman Catholic aristocracy in England, Powis was suspected of complicity in some of the popish plots and was imprisoned in the Tower of London from 1678 to 1684. He followed James II. into

exile

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap,
consul
- CONSUL
- CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)
, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

and was created duke of Powis by the dethroned king. The English government deprived him of his estates, but these were restored to his son William, the 2nd marquess, in 1722. William, who had a somewhat chequered career as a Jacobite, died in October 1745, and when his son William, the 3rd marquess, died in 1748 the titles became extinct.
In 1748 Henry Arthur Herbert (d. 1772), who had been made Baron Herbert of Chirbury in 1743, was created Baron Powis and earl of Powis. He allied himself with the earlier holders of these titles, with which family he was distantly connected, by marrying

Barbara

BARBARA, SAINT

, a niece of the 3rd marquess. The titles became extinct a second time when his son George Edward died in January 18o,. George's sister and heiress, Henrietta Antonia (1758-1830), married Edward

Clive

(17541829), son and

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

of the great Lord

Clive

. In 1794 he was made Baron Clive of Walcot, and in 1804, after serving as

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

of Madras from 1798 to 1803, he was created Baron Powis and earl of Powis. His son Edward, .the 2nd earl (1785-1848), took the name of Herbert in ,8o7 in lieu of that of Clive. He was a member of parliament from 18o6 to 1839, and was elected in opposition to the Prince Consort, as chancellor of the university of

Cambridge

in 1847. His second son was Lieut.-General Sir Percy Egerton Herbert (1822-1876), who distinguished him-self in the Crimean War, and Sir Percy's son, George Charles (b. 1862), became the 4th earl in 1891.

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