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Encyclopedia Britannica



POTENZA (anc. Potentia)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 207 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: POL-PRE
POTENZA (anc. Potentia) , a town and episcopal see of Basilicata, Italy,
capital
  of the province of
Potenza
 , 103 M. by rail E. by S. of Naples. Pop. (1901), 12:313 (town); 16,163 (commune). Situated 2700 ft. above sea-level on an isolated hill above the Basento (anc. Casuentus), it is much exposed to winds and has a far more northerly climate than its position (400 40' N.) implies, and is indeed one of the coldest places in Italy (mean temp. Jan 37.8, July 70.9, for whole year 530 F.). It has been almost entirely rebuilt since the earthquake of 1857. It has a school of the industrial arts and sciences, grows good wine, and makes bricks.
The ancient Potentia lay some 470 ft. lower, by the river. Its name shows that it was of Roman origin, and its importance was no doubt due to its position at the intersection of the road leading west to the Via Popillia and north-
east
  to the Via Appia, with the Via Herculia. No remains are visible, but a consider-able number of
inscriptions
  have been found.
Potentia must be distinguished from Potentia in Picenum, on the Adriatic
coast
 , near the modern
Porto
  di Recanati, a colony founded in 184 B.C., the same year as
Pisaurum
 , but of which little is known.
The abandonment of the old site and the erection of the new town probably date from the earthquake of 1273. By the Angevines
Potenza
  was made a domain of the San Severino family; in the beginning of the 15th century it was held by Francesco
Sforza
 , and in 1435 it passed to the Guevara family; the Loffredi, who succeeded by
marriage
 , continued in possession till the abolition of the
great
  fiefs. In 1694 there was a severe earthquake; and the more terrible earthquake which on the 16th and the 17th of December 1857 passed through southern Italy, and in Basilicata alone killed 32,475 persons, laid the greater part of Potenza in ruins. In 186o it was the first town to rise against the Neapolitan government.


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