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Encyclopedia Britannica



POTCHEFSTROOM

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 205 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: POL-PRE
POTCHEFSTROOM , a town of the Transvaal, 88 m. S.W. of Johannesburg and 222 M. N.E. of Kimberley by rail. Pop. (1904), 9348, of whom 6014 were whites. The town stands 4100 ft. above the sea on the banks of the Mooi River, 15 M.
above its junction with the Vaal. The streets are lined with fine willow trees, and there are public grounds in which are nurseries and a showyard. Golf links add to the attractions of the place. which is one of the healthiest in the Transvaal. In the neighbourhood are gold-mines; the
reef
  appearing to be a continuation of the Witwatersrand reefs. The Vaal river goldfields, of which Venterskroon is the centre, are 16 to 20 M.
south
 -
east
  of Potchefstroom.
Potchefstroom was founded in November 1838 by Hendrik
Potgieter
 , and is the oldest town in and first
capital
  of the Transvaal. In 1862 it was the
scene
  of civil war between rival Boer factions. In 188o81 the garrison camped outside the town was besieged by Boers under Commandant P. A. C' onje. The British troops (250 in number) were confined to a fort 25 yds. square and lost over a third of their strength in killed and wounded before they surrendered on the 21st of
March
 , the investment having begun on the 18th of December 1882 Charges of treachery were brought against
Cronje
  for failing to notify the besieged that an armistice had been agreed to by the Boer leaders. Of this armistice Colonel R. W. C. Winsloe, who was in command of the British, became aware before the surrender took place. On the suggestion of Commandant General
Joubert
  the capitulation was considered as cancelled and a detachment of British troops reoccupied the town until the conclusion of peace. In the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902 Potchefstroom was occupied by the British without opposition. (See TRANSVAAL: History.)


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