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Encyclopedia Britannica



PORT JACKSON, or SYDNEY HARBOUR

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 118 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: POL-PRE
PORT JACKSON, or SYDNEY HARBOUR , a harbour of New
South
  Wales, Australia. It is one of the safest and most beautiful harbours in the world; its area, including all its bays, is about 15 sq. m., with a shore line of r65 m.; it has deep water in every part, arid is landlocked and secure in all weathers. The entrance, between two rocky promontories known as North and
South
  Heads, is 2'-4 M. wide between the outer heads, and narrows down to r m. 256 yds. The port is flanked on both sides by promontories, so that, in addition to a broad and deep central channel, there is a
series
  of sheltered bays with good anchorage. Sydney lies on the southern shore about 4 M. from the Heads. Port Jackson is the
chief
  naval depot of
Australasia
 , the headquarters of the admiral's station, and is strongly fortified. The harbour has a number of islands, most of which are used for naval or government purposesShark
Island
  is the quarantine station, Garden
Island
  has naval foundries,
hospital
 
    See Also:
and stores, Goat Island is occupied by a powder magazine, Spectacle Island is used to
store
  explosives, and on Cockatoo Island are important government docks. Port Jackson was discovered by Captain
Phillip in '788, though in 1770 Captain Cook, when
coasting
  north, noticed what looked like an inlet, and named it after Sir George Jackson, one of the secretaries to the Admiralty. Captain Cook passed the harbour without recognizing its capacity; but the cliffs which guard the entrance are 300 ft. high, and no view of the basin can be seen from the masthead. Middle Head, which is opposite the entrance, closes it in, and it is necessary to enter, turn to the south, and then to the west before the best part of the harbour discloses itself.


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