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Encyclopedia Britannica



POOL

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 72 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: POL-PRE
POOL . (I) A
pond
 , or a small
body
  of still water; also a place in a river or stream where the water is deep and still,, so applied in the Thames to that
part
  of the river known as The Pool, which reaches from below London
Bridge
  to Limehouse. . The word in Old
English
  was pbl, which may be related to pull or pyll, and the similar Celtic words, e.g. Cornish pol, a creek, common on the Bristol Channel and estuary of the Severn, on the
English
  side in the form " pill." A further connexion has been suggested with Lat. palus, marsh; Gr. irgMs, mud, ; (2) A name for the stakes, penalties, &c., in various, card and other games when collected together to be paid out to the winners; also the name of a variety of games of billiards (q.v.). This word has a curious history. It is certainly adapted from Fr. poule, hen, chicken, apparently a
slang
 
term
  for the stakes in a game, possibly, as the New English Dictionary suggests, used as a synonym for plunder, booty. " Chicken-hazard " might be cited as a parallel, though that has been taken to be a corruption of " chequeen," a form of the Turkish coin, a sequin. When the word came into use in English at the end of the 17th century, it seems to have been at once identified with " pool,"
pond
 , as Fr. fiche (Eicher, to fix), a counter, was with "fish," counters in card games often taking the form of " fish " made of
mother
 -of-pearl, &c. " Pool," in the sense of a common fund, has been adopted as a commercial
term
  for a combination for the purpose ,of speculating in stocks and shares, the several owners of securities " pooling" them and placing them under a single
control
 , and sharing all losses and profits.. Similarly the name is given to a form of
trade
  combination; especially in railway or shipping companies, by which the receipts or profits are divided on a certain agreed-upon basis, for the purpose of avoiding competition (see TRUSTS).


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