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Encyclopedia Britannica



PONTARLIER

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 63 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: POL-PRE
PONTARLIER , a frontier town of eastern France,
capital
  of an arrondissement in the department of Doubs, 36 m. S.E. of
Besancon
  by road. Pop. (woe), 7896. It is situated 2750 ft. above sea-level on the Doubs, about four miles from the Swiss frontier, and forms an important strategic point at the mouth of the defile of La Cluse, one of the
principal
  passes across the Jura. The pass is defended by the modern fort of Larmont, and by the Fort de Joux, which was originally built in the loth century by the family of Joux and played a conspicuous
part
  in the history of Franche-Comte. Pontarlier is the junction of railway lines to Neuchatel, Lausanne, Lons-le-Saunier, Dole and
Besancon
 . A triumphal arch of the 18th century commemorates the reconstruction of the town after the destructive fire of 1736. It was at Pontarlier that the French army of the
East
  made its last stand against the Prussians in 1871 before crossing the Swiss frontier. The
distillation
  of herbs, extensively cultivated for the manufacture of absinthe,
kirsch
  and other liqueurs, is the
chief
  industry. The town is the seat of a sub prefect and has a tribunal of first instance and a communal college.


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