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Encyclopedia Britannica



PONCELET, JEAN VICTOR (1788-1867)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 59 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: POL-PRE
PONCELET, JEAN VICTOR (1788-1867) , French mathematician and engineer, was born at Metz on the 1st of July 1788. From 1808 to 18ro he attended the Ecole polytechnique, and afterwards, till 1812, the Ecole d'application at Metz. He then became
lieutenant
  of engineers, and took
part
  in the
Russian
  campaign, during which he was taken prisoner and was confined at Saratov on the
Volga
 . It was during his imprisonment here that, " prive de toute espece de livres et de secours, surtout distrait par les malheurs de ma patrie et les miens propres," as he himself puts it, he began his researches on projective geometry which led to his
great
  treatise on that subject. This
work
 , the Traite des propeittes projectives des figures, which was published in 1822 (2d ed., 2 vols. 1865-1866), is occupied with the investigation of the projective properties of figures (see GEOMETRY). This
work
  entitles Poncelet to rank as one of the greatest of those who took
part
  in the development of the modern geometry of which G. Monge was the founder. From 1815 to 1825 he was occupied with military engineering at Metz; and from 1825 to 1835 he was professor of
mechanics
  at the Ecole d'application there. In 1826, in his Memoire sur les roues hydrauliques d aubes courbes, he brought forward improvements in the construction of water-wheels, which more than doubled their efficiency. In 1834 he became a member of the Academie; from 1838 to 1848 he was professor to the faculty of sciences at Paris,. and from 1848 to 185o commandant of the Ecole polytechnique. At the London
International
  Exhibition of 1851 he had charge of the department of machinery, and wrote a report on the machinery and tools on view at that exhibition. He died at Paris on the 23rd of December 1867.
See J. Bertrand, Eloge historique de Poncelet (Paris, 1875).


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