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Encyclopedia Britannica



POLYGAMY, (Gr. nabs, many, and yayos, marriage)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 24 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
POLYGAMY, (Gr. nabs, many, and yayos, marriage) , or as it is sometimes termed, POLYGYNY (yvvil, woman): the system under which a man is married to several women at the same time. Derivatively it includes the practice of polyandry, but it has become definitely restricted to expressing what has been, and still is, far the commonest type of relations between the sexes (see FAMILY and
MARRIAGE
 ). Among Oriental nations plurality of legal wives is customary. Mahommedans are allowed four. A Hindu can have as many as he pleases: the high-caste sometimes having as many as a hundred.
Polygamy
  is the
rule
  among
African
  tribes, and is common among those of Australia and
Polynesia
 . In China, however, only one wife is lawful. In many polygamous countries the
practical
  obstacle of expense prevents men from taking advantage of their privileges. While poly-gamy was the
rule
  in biblical days among the ancient
Jews
 , and was permitted and even enjoined in certain cases by the Mosaic law, the Christian Church, though it is nowhere forbidden, except for "bishops," in the New Testament, has always set its face against it. There have, however, been divines who dissented from this general disapproval. The
Anabaptists
  insisted on freedom in the matter, and Bernardino Ochino conditionally defended plurality of wives. When in 1540 Philip the Magnanimous, the reforming Landgrave of Hesse, determined (with his wife's approval, she being a confirmed invalid) to marry a second wife, Luther and Melanchthon approved "as his personal friends, though not as doctors of theology"; while Martin
Bucer
  assisted at the marriage. In later times the Mormons (q.v.) in America provide the most notable instance of the revival of
polygamy
 .


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