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Encyclopedia Britannica



POLYANDRY (Gr. iroXus, many, and 6.vi7P, man)

This article appears in Volume V22, Page 17 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: PIG-POL
POLYANDRY (Gr. iroXus, many, and 6.vi7P, man) , the
system
  of
marriage
  between one woman and several men, who are her husbands exclusively (see FAMILY). The custom locally legalizing the
marriage
  of one woman to more than one husband at a time has been variously accounted for as the result of poverty and of life in unfertile lands, where it was essential to check population as the consequence of female
infanticide
 , or, in the
opinion
  of J. F. McLennan and L. H.
Morgan
 , as a natural phase through which human progress has necessarily passed. Polyandry is to be carefully differentiated from communal marriage, where the woman is the property of any and every member of the tribe. Two distinct kinds of polyandry are practised: one, often called Nair, in which, as among the Nairs of India, the husbands are not related to each other; and the second, the Tibetan or fraternal polyandry, in which the woman is married to all the
brothers
  of ;one family. Polyandry is practised by the tribes of Tibet, Kashmir and the Himalayan regions, by the
Todas
 , Koorgs, Nairs and other peoples of India, in Ceylon, New Zealand, by some of the Australian aborigines, in parts of Africa, in the Aleutian archipelago, among the Koryaks and on the Orinoco.
See McLennan's Primitive Marriage (London, 1885) ; Studies in Ancient History (London, 1886); The Levirate and Polyandry," in The Fortnightly
Review
 , new
series
 , vol. xxi. (London, 1877) ; L. H.
Morgan
 ,
System
  of
Consanguinity
  and Affinity of the Human Family (Washington, 1869); Lord Avebury, Origin of Civilization; E. Westermarck, History of Human Marriage.


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